b. 1860 Sergei
N. Reformatsky synthesized organozinc halides (Reformatsky reaction).April
1
b. 1860 Sergei
N. Reformatsky synthesized organozinc halides (Reformatsky reaction).
b. 1865 Richard A. Zsigmondy, Nobel Prize
(1925) for the elucidation of the heterogeneous nature of colloidal solutions
& for the methods he devised; introduced the ultramicroscope for study of
colloidal solutions.
? The Electrochemical Society organized as tht
American Electrochemical Society, 1902.
? Julian Stone
reported in Applied Physics Letters on new type of fiber made of quartz
& filled with tetrachloroethylene that may be able to carry light, 1972.
2
b. 1877 Carl L. Alsberg, researcher
on chemistry and metabolism of proteins; chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, US Department
of
Agriculture (1912-1921) for drug regulation.
b. 1900
Melville L. Wolfrom, research on structural forms of sugar & structure
of heparin and streptomycin; founded Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry
? Francis H.
C. Crick & James D. Watson mailed 900-word article on structure of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to Nature, 1953.
3
? The
Electrochemical Society was organized on this date in 1902 as the American
Electrochemical Society.
4
b. 1867 Otto
Folin, pioneer in clinical chemistry; Folin-Wu reagent for glucose analysis.
? Ira Remsen
awarded first Priestley Medal, 1923.
? Synthesis of
vitamin B6 announced by Merck, Sharp & Dohme, 1939.
5
b. 1827 Joseph Lister introduced
antiseptics, such as carbolic acid (phenol).
? Marshall
Gates & G. Tschudi announced synthesis of morphine, 1956.
6
b. 1863 James Walker, researcher on hydrolysis, ionization
constants & amphoteric electrolytes with organic compounds.
b. 1927 Edmond H. Fischer, researcher
on protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism; Nobel Prize in
Medicine (1992) with Edwin G. Krebs for their
discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological
regulatory mechanism. live
b. 1927 Paul J. Crutzen, researcher
on air pollution, particularly ozone layer; Nobel Prize (1995) with M. J.
Molina & F. S. Rowland for their work in atmospheric
chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.
live
b. 1928 James D. Watson, researcher on the double helix structure
of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule; Nobel Prize (1962) with Francis H.
C. Crick & Maurice H. F. Wilkins for their discoveries concerning
the molecular structure of nuclear acids and its significance for information
transfer in living material. *
? First
official organizational meeting of the American Chemical Society, College of Pharmacy of the City of New York (now New York
University), 1876.
7
b. 1894 Louis P. Hammett developed
Hammett equation for linear free-energy relationship and correlation of changes
in chemical properties with chemical structures.
b. 1914 Walter H. Stockmayer, a researcher
in polymer chemistry.
? New law
instituted the metric decimal system in France & the nomenclature for the
system was established 1795.
8
b. 1911 Melvin Calvin, Nobel Prize
(1961) for his research in photosynthesis. d. 1997
9
b. 1930 F. Albert Cotton researcher in
inorganic and structural chemistry. *
? Ignacio Tinoco,Jr.,
proposed simple method for estimating secondary structure of ribonucleic acid
(RNA) from sequence of nucleotides, 1971.
10
b. 1887 Bernardo Alberto Houssay, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 for his discovery of
the part played by the
hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of
sugar with Gerty T. Cori and Carl F. Cori for their research on the
hormone of the anterior lobe and its role in the metabolism of sugar;
discovered how glycogen is catalytically converted.
b. 1900 Arnold O. Beckman developed the
pH meter; founded Beckman Instruments, 1934.
b. 1917 Robert
B. Woodward, researcher in stereoselective organic synthesis;
Woodward-Hoffman rules; Nobel Prize (1969) for his
outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis.
? Patent Office established (Constitution, Art. 8,
Sec 1) 1790: First patent on Potash and Pearl Ash to Samuel
Hopkins.
? Emil Fischer
discovered glucose, 1891.
? A. M.
Collins synthesized polychloroprene, 1930.
11
b. 1804 Otto Erdmann,
professor of chemical technology, U. Leipzig; redetermined atomic weights of
elements with R. F. Marchand.
b. 1899 Percy L. Julian cosynthesized physostigmine, 1935;
founded Julian Laboratories, 1953; prepared intermediates for commercial
production of steroid hormones.
b. 1938 Reatha Clark King, professor of chemistry and
administrator.
? Humphry Davy discovered nitrous oxide, laughing gas, 1799.
? Robert B. Woodward & W. von Eggers Doering synthesized quinine, 1944.
12
b. 1872
Georges Urbain codiscovered lutetium (Lu, 71), 1907, with K. Auer von
Welsbach; discovered the law of optimum phosphorescence of binary systems;
researcher in isomorphism; chemical-composer.
b. 1884 Otto F. Meyerhof, researcher on muscle metabolism;
shared Nobel Prize in Medicine (1922) for his discovery of the fixed
relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic
acid in the muscle with Archibald Vivian Hill for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle.
13
b. 1760
Thomas Beddoes, studied medical treatment of disease by the therapeutic
inhalation of different "factitious airs" or gases and vapors;
established Pneumatic Institution for Inhalation Gas Therapy, 1798,.
? Tobern
Bergman confirmed Müller von Reichenstein's results that the substance isolated
from a bismuth ore was a new element tellurium (Te, 52), 1784.
? The paper on
the discovery of crown ethers and their complexes ?Cyclic polyethers and their
complexes with metal salts? by C. P. Pedersen was received on this day, 1967;
Published in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1967, 89, 7017.
14
? NASA's
Nimbus III weather satellite made first civilian use of nuclear batteries,
1969.
15
b. 1710
William Cullen, first to notice that heat is produced during
compression of a gas.
b. 1896 Nikolai N. Semenov, researcher
in chemical kinetics; Nobel Prize (1956) with Cyril N. Hinshelwood for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.
? Ernest Solvay
received his first patent entitled "Industrial Production of Sodium
Carbonate by Means of Marine Salt, Ammonia, & Carbon Dioxide", 1861.
? Albert
Ghiorso announced the discovery of rutherfordium (Rf, 104) by Ghiorso, et al.,
at University of California, Berkeley, 1969.
16
b. 1728 Joseph
Black developed concept of latent heat & laid foundation for modern
quantitative analysis.
b. 1838 Ernest
Solvay, developed Solvay process for making commercial soda cheaply.
b. 1850 Sidney
G. Thomas solved the problem of separating phosphorus from iron in the Bessemer
Converter.
b. 1921 Marie
M. Daly, first black woman to earn a PhD in chemistry, 1948 (Columbia
University).
? Albert
Hofmann accidentally discovered the hallucinogenic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide
(LSD), 1943.
? Humphry Davy performed first physiological experiment on nitrous oxide by inhaling it, 1799.
17
b. 1869
Robert Robertson, researcher in explosives including amato. and
tetryl (trinitrophenylmethylnitramine).
18
b. 1898 W. Albert Noyes, Jr., researcher in
photochemistry; editor of Journal of American Chemical Society, 1950 ‑1962.
b. 1838
P. E. Lecoqde Boisbaudran discovered
gallium (Ga, 31), dysprosium (Dy, 66), and samarium (Sm, 62).
b. 1864 Samuel
C. Hooker, sugar chemist.
b. 1868
Marston T. Bogart, researcher on synthesis of quinazolines &
thiazoles.
? Quantum
Chemical incorporated as National Distillery Products Corp., 1924.
19
b. 1912 Glenn
T. Seaborg codiscovered americum (Am, 95) 1944, berkelium (Bk, 97)
1950, californium (Cf, 98) 1950, curium
(Cm,96) 1944, einsteinium (Es,99) 1952, fermium (Fm,100) 1953, mendelevium
(Md,101) 1955, nobelium (No,102) 1958, plutonium (Pu,94) 1940, & element
106, 1974; Nobel Prize (1951) for discoveries in transuranium elements, with
Edwin M. McMillan.*
? Antoine L. Lavoisier admitted that he & Joseph Priestley discovered the same facts about oxygen but claimed the right to its discovery because he recognized it as an element - Priestley explained its formation in terms of phlogiston, 1776.
20
b. 1912 Gertrude E. Perlmann,
research in protein chemistry, Garvan
Medal, 1965.
21
b. 1774
Jean-Baptiste Biot discovered optical activity.
b. 1882 Percy W. Bridgman studied effect
of pressure on substances; showed that viscosity increases with high pressure;
Nobel Prize in Physics (1946) for the
invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the
discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics.
b. 1889 Paul Karrer synthesized
vitamins A, 1931, B2 (riboflavin), 1935 and E (tocopherol), 1938;
Nobel Prize (1937) for his investigations on
carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 with Walter N. Haworth for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C.
? Earth Day,
founded by Sen. Gaylord Nelson, Father of Earth Day.
? Pfizer, Inc.
incorporated 1900.
? Nalco
Chemical Co. incorporated as National Aluminate Corp., 1928.
22
b. 1919 Donald
J. Cram researcher in application of stereochemical techniques to organic
reaction mechanism; invented carceplexes or guest molecules completely
encapsulated by host; synthesized a variety of host-guest complexes including
crown ether complexes and won Nobel Prize in 1987 with C. J. Pedersen and J-M.
P. Lehn for their development and use of molecules
with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity.
? Earth Day, celebrated by ACS, 2006.
23
b. 1858 Max K.
E. L. Planck introduced quantum theory, 1900; researcher in
thermodynamics; Nobel Prize (1918) in recognition
of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of
energy quanta.
? Rohm &
Haas Co., incorporated, 1917.
24
b. 1817 Jean C.
de Marignac discovered gadolinium (Gd, 64), 1880.
25
b. 1900
Wolfgang Pauli discovered the exclusion principle; Nobel Prize,
Physics (1945) for the discovery of the Exclusion
Principle, also called the Pauli Principle.
? James D.
Watson & Francis H. C. Crick, "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A
Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" published in Nature, 1953.
26
b. 1834 Hugo
Joseph Schiff, discovered condensation products of aldehydes and
amines, Schiff Bases; invented color test
to distinguish aldehydes from ketones.
b. 1932
Michael Smith invented oligonucleotide-based, site-directed
mutagenesis of DNA; Nobel Prize (1993) for his
fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based,
site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies with Kary B.
Mullis for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) method.
? Antoine L.
Lavoisier reported that heated mercury forms red calyx, HgO, while the air is
reduced in volume & no longer supports combustion, heated red calyx to
liberate oxygen, 1775.
27
b. 1880
Charles James, devised crystallization methods for separating the
rare earth elements.
b. 1896
Wallace H. Carothers developed Nylon, 1935. *
b. 1913 Philip H. Abelson codiscovered neptunium
(Np, 93) with Edwin M. McMillan, 1940.
? Albert
Ghiorso, et al., announced discovery of hafnium (Ha, 105) produced by
bombardment of californium‑249 (Cf, 98) with nitrogen‑15 (N, 7),
1970.
28
b. 1753 Franz
K. Achard invented process for extraction of sugar from sugar beets & opened
first beet sugar factory, 1801; first to prepare platinum crucible, 1784.
b. 1924 Alfred Bader founded
the Aldrich Chemical Co. in 1951 and cofounded Sigma-Aldrich Corp. in 1975. *
b. 1941 K. Barry Sharpless
discovered and developed many catalytic oxidation processes for stereoselective
oxidation; Nobel Prize (2001) shared with William S. Knowles and Ryoji Noyori for their
work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions.
? Champion
International incorporated, 1937.
29
b. 1893 Harold C. Urey, first to
isolate heavy water (D2O), 1932; Nobel Prize (1934) for the
discovery of heavy hydrogen or deuterium (D, 1), 1932.
? Atlantic
Richfield Co., incorporated 1870.
? Nashua
incorporated as Nashua Card, Gummed & Coated Paper, 1904.
30
? Joseph J. Thomson announced
discovery of the electron as a body smaller than atoms but a constituent of
it, 1897.
? Albert
Ghiorso, et al., announced the discovery of mendelevium (Md, 101) based upon
research done at the University of California, Berkeley, 1958.